Android telah memprioritaskan Kotlin selama empat tahun dan banyak developer Android sudah beralih ke Kotlin sehingga menghasilkan produktivitas yang lebih tinggi dan aplikasi yang lebih stabil. Namun bahasa default untuk membangun build adalah Groovy (build.gradle), meskipun opsi Kotlin (build.gradle.kts) sudah ada di Gradle sejak beberapa tahun lalu.
Hari ini kami sangat antusias mengumumkan bahwa kami mengganti bahasa default skrip build untuk Kotlin! Artinya, Kotlin adalah satu-satunya bahasa default yang digunakan untuk semua kode project, termasuk UI dengan Jetpack Compose, dan sekarang skrip build! Kami telah bekerja sama dengan tim Gradle dan JetBrains dalam peningkatan ini, dan Anda bisa membaca selengkapnya di pengumuman terkait: Blog Gradle; Blog JetBrains.
Hal ini tidak memengaruhi project lama yang menggunakan Groovy, karena project tersebut akan terus berjalan tanpa ada rencana untuk dihentikan. Namun, jika Anda membuat project atau modul baru yang dimulai dari Android Studio Giraffe, Anda akan langsung mendapatkan Kotlin DSL secara default. Template project yang telah diupdate merupakan cara mudah untuk memulai skrip build Kotlin DSL terbaru. Untuk melakukan migrasi build yang sudah ada, lihat panduan migrasi Kotlin DSL.
Meskipun Kotlin DSL adalah standar default untuk project baru, project besar lama yang berbasis Groovy DSL harus menunggu migrasi selagi Gradle, JetBrains, dan Google bekerja untuk meningkatkan performa build lebih lanjut. Pekerjaan ini sedang berlangsung dan kami akan memberikan update seiring dengan progresnya. Secara khusus, performa kompilasi skrip lebih lambat dibandingkan dengan Groovy DSL. Namun, tidak seperti Groovy DSL, hasil kompilasi skrip Kotlin DSL disimpan di cache lokal dan remote Gradle sehingga build selanjutnya tidak perlu dikompilasi ulang.
Menggunakan satu bahasa untuk semua kode dalam sebuah project bukanlah satu-satunya keuntungan dari perubahan ini, jadi mari kita lihat beberapa hal menarik lainnya dari penggunaan Kotlin DSL untuk build Gradle.
- Kotlin diketik secara statis sehingga Anda mendapatkan petunjuk kode yang cepat dan akurat saat mengedit skrip build Kotlin DSL:
- Kesalahan sintaksis lebih akurat, dan kesalahan tersebut ditampilkan ketika mengedit skrip build Kotlin DSL, bukan ketika mencoba menyinkronkan project:
- Dapatkan dokumentasi tipe dan metode dengan menekan Control+Q (Command+B pada macOS). Jika Anda membutuhkan detail selengkapnya, Anda bisa membuka kode sumber yang mendasarinya dengan menekan Control+Klik (Command+Klik):
- Anda bisa menggabungkan skrip build Groovy DSL dan skrip build Kotlin DSL dalam satu project kemudian melakukan migrasi secara bertahap, modul demi modul. Hal ini memungkinkan modul baru untuk menggunakan Kotlin DSL sekaligus mempertahankan modul yang sudah ada pada Groovy.
Perubahan lain yang kami lakukan juga pada template Project Baru adalah opsi eksperimental untuk menggunakan Katalog Versi Gradle dengan skrip build Kotlin DSL.
Katalog Versi memberi Anda cara yang terpusat dan skalabel untuk mendefinisikan dependensi project Anda. Meskipun penggunaan Katalog Versi bersifat opsional, mereka sangat cocok dengan Kotlin DSL karena memberikan keamanan tipe yang lebih baik dalam definisi build Anda.
Untuk mempelajari tentang migrasi ke Katalog Versi, lihat panduan migrasi.
Perubahan default Kotlin DSL terbaru sudah tersedia di pratinjau Android Studio Giraffe. Cobalah dan beri tahu kami pendapat Anda!
Meskipun Fall guys penggunaan Katalog Versi bersifat opsional, mereka sangat cocok dengan Kotlin DSL karena memberikan keamanan tipe yang lebih baik dalam definisi build Anda.
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